EJERCICIOS DE SUBREDES CON CUADRO DE DATOS

EJERCICIOS DE SUBREDES CON CUADRO DE DATOS

Ejercicio 1:

Dividir la red 170.20.0.0/16 en 5 subredes y armar el cuadro de datos.

-En primer lugar , para realizar este ejercicio hay que usar la siguiente formula:

#subredes= 2 ^ n 

n=Numero de bits prestados de la porcion de host
-En nuestro caso ,  n=3 porque el numero debe ser mayor o igual al numero de subredes que en este caso es 5.

5=2^n

n=3

-Ya tenemos  el valor de los bits prestados y la division de las subredes será así:

-La mascara predeterminada de la red que nos dan es 16 bits de valor 1 , es decir :
11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
(La porcion de red es hasta el ultimo 1 y los ceros que le siguen la porcion de host)

-Como el valor de n es 3 son los bits prestados de valor 0 que ahora serán 1 a la porcion de host. entonces:
11111111.11111111.11111111.11100000

-La nueva mascara es de 19 bits de valor 1 y convertido a decimal sería:

255.255.224.0

-Ahora , para hallar las subredes con su rango de Ip´s usamos la siguiente formula:

256-224 = 32

*256 es valor predeterminado y el 224 es el octeto donde ocurre la conversion de los bits prestados.

*La primera Subred seria la que nos dan en el ejercicio, luego va a aumentar deacuerdo a la diferencia que hemos hallado con la formula anterior,en este caso es 32 en el tercer octeto:


                   SUBRED                       RANGO DE IP
                 170.20.0.0             170.20.0.1-170.20.31.254 

                          +32

                 170.20.32.0           170.20.32.1-170.20.63.254 

                          +32

                 170.20.64.0           170.20.64.1-170.20.95.254 

                          +32

                 170.20.96.0           170.20.96.1-170.20.127.254 

                          +32

                 170.20.128.0         170.20.128.1-170.20.159.254 

*Despues, para hacer el ejercicio con mas orden y menos confusion a la hora de asignar los datos de los dispositivos , realizaremos un cuadro de datos:

*CONFIGURACION EN PACKET TRACER:
Asignaremos los datos correspondientes a los dispodsitivos de acuerdo a nuestro cuadro de datos.

Router1:
Router>enable
Router#conf term
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#interface fastethernet 0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 170.20.0.1 255.255.224.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown

Router(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

Router(config-if)#exit

Router(config)#interface fastethernet 0/1
Router(config-if)#ip address 170.20.32.1 255.255.224.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown

Router(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up

Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#interface serial 0/0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 170.20.64.1 255.255.224.0
Router(config-if)#clock rate 128000
Router(config-if)#no shutdown

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/0/0, changed state to down
Router(config-if)#
Router(config-if)#end
Router#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

Router#copy run sta
Destination filename [startup-config]?
Building configuration...
[OK]

Router#


Router2:
Router>enable
Router#conf term
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#interface fastethernet 0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 170.20.96.1 255.255.224.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown

Router(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

Router(config-if)#exit

Router(config)#interface fastethernet 0/1
Router(config-if)#ip address 170.20.128.1 255.255.224.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown

Router(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up

Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#interface serial 0/0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 170.20.64.2 255.255.224.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown

Router(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/0/0, changed state to up

Router(config-if)#end
Router#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0/0/0, changed state to up

Router#copy run sta
Destination filename [startup-config]?
Building configuration...
[OK]

Router#


Switch1:
Switch>enable
Switch#conf ter
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Switch(config)#interface VLAN1
Switch(config-if)#ip address 170.20.0.2 255.255.224.0
Switch(config-if)#no shutdown

Switch(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Vlan1, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Vlan1, changed state to up

Switch(config-if)#exit
Switch(config)#ip default-gateway 170.20.0.1
Switch(config)#end
Switch#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

Switch#copy run sta
Destination filename [startup-config]?
Building configuration...
[OK]

Switch#


Switch2:
Switch>enable
Switch#conf ter
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Switch(config)#interface VLAN1
Switch(config-if)#ipaddress 170.20.32.2 255.255.224.0
^
% Invalid input detected at '^' marker.

Switch(config-if)#ip address 170.20.32.2 255.255.224.0
Switch(config-if)#no shutdown

Switch(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Vlan1, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Vlan1, changed state to up

Switch(config-if)#exit

Switch(config)#ip default-gateway 170.20.32.1
Switch(config)#end
Switch#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

Switch#copy run sta
Destination filename [startup-config]?
Building configuration...
[OK]

Switch#



Switch3:
Switch>enable
Switch#conf ter
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Switch(config)#interface VLAN1

Switch(config-if)#ip address 170.20.96.2 255.255.224.0
Switch(config-if)#no shutdown

Switch(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Vlan1, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Vlan1, changed state to up

Switch(config-if)#exit
Switch(config)#
Switch(config)#ip default-gateway 170.20.96.1
Switch(config)#end
Switch#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

Switch#copy run sta
Destination filename [startup-config]?
Building configuration...
[OK]

Switch#


Switch4:
Switch>enable
Switch#conf ter
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

Switch(config)#interface fastethernet 0/0
%Invalid interface type and number
Switch(config)#interface VLAN1
Switch(config-if)#ip address 170.20.128.2 255.255.224.0
Switch(config-if)#no shutdown

Switch(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Vlan1, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Vlan1, changed state to up

Switch(config-if)#exit
Switch(config)#ip default-gateway 170.20.128.1
Switch(config)#end
Switch#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

Switch#copy run sta
Destination filename [startup-config]?
Building configuration...
[OK]

Switch#

PC1:
IP:170.20.0.3
MASCARA:255.255.224.0
GATEWAY:170.20.0.1

PC2: 
IP:170.20.32.3
Mascara: 255.255.224.0
Gateway: 170.20.32.1

PC3:
IP: 170.20.96.3
Mascara: 255.255.224.0
Gateway: 170.20.96.1

PC4: 
IP:170.20.128.3
Mascara: 255.255.224.0
Gateway: 170.20.128.1

*Por ultimo , debemos configurar el enrutamiento en los 2 router para que las subredes se puedan comunicar:


Router1:
Router(config)#ip route 170.20.96.0 255.255.224.0 170.20.64.2
Router(config)#ip route 170.20.128.0 255.255.224.0 170.20.64.2
Router(config)#exit
Router#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

Router#copy run sta
Destination filename [startup-config]?
Building configuration...
[OK]

Router#



Router2:
Router(config)#ip route 170.20.0.0 255.255.224.0 170.20.64.1
Router(config)#ip route 170.20.32.0 255.255.224.0 170.20.64.1
Router(config)#end
Router#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

Router#copy run sta
Destination filename [startup-config]?
Building configuration...
[OK]

Router#

*Con estas configuraciones todas las subredes ya se pueden comunicar entre sí

Ejercicio2:

Dividir la red 170.20.0.0/16 en 5 subredes  teniendo en cuenta el numero de host que se requieren.

Primero debemos guiarnos de esta tabla , ya que ahora no todos compartiran la misma mascara.De acuerdo al numero de host que se requiera tenrá su respectiva mascara:

Despues construimos nuestro cuadro de datos:

Configuracion en Packet Tracer:Asignaremos los datos correspondientes a los dispodsitivos de acuerdo a nuestro cuadro de datos.

Router1:
Router>enable
Router#conf ter
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#interface fastethernet 0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 170.20.12.129 255.255.255.224
Router(config-if)#no shutdown

Router(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#interface fastethernet 0/1
Router(config-if)#ip address 170.20.12.1 255.255.255.128
Router(config-if)#no shutdown

Router(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up

Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#
Router(config)#interface serial 0/0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 170.20.12.161 255.255.255.252
Router(config-if)#clock rate 128000
Router(config-if)#no shutdown

%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/0/0, changed state to down
Router(config-if)#
Router(config-if)#end
Router#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

Router#copy run sta
Destination filename [startup-config]?
Building configuration...
[OK]

Router#


Router2:

Router>enable
Router#conf ter
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#interface fastethernet 0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 170.20.8.1 255.255.252.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown

Router(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#
Router(config)#interface fastethernet 0/1
Router(config-if)#ip address 170.20.8.1 255.255.252.0
% 170.20.8.0 overlaps with FastEthernet0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 170.20.0.1 255.255.248.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown

Router(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up

Router(config-if)#exit
Router(config)#
Router(config)#interface serial 0/0/0
Router(config-if)#ip address 170.20.12.162 255.255.255.252
Router(config-if)#no shutdown

Router(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Serial0/0/0, changed state to up

Router(config-if)#end
Router#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

Router#copy run sta
Destination filename [startup-config]?
Building configuration...

[OK]

Switch1:
Switch>enable
Switch#conf ter
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Switch(config)#interface VLAN1
Switch(config-if)#ip address 170.20.12.130 255.255.255.224
Switch(config-if)#no shutdown

Switch(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Vlan1, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Vlan1, changed state to up

Switch(config-if)#exit
Switch(config)#
Switch(config)#ip default-gateway 170.20.12.129
Switch(config)#end
Switch#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

Switch#copy run sta
Destination filename [startup-config]?
Building configuration...
[OK]

Switch#

Switch2:
Switch>enable
Switch#conf ter
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Switch(config)#interface VLAN1
Switch(config-if)#ip address 170.20.12.2 255.255.255.128
Switch(config-if)#no shutdown

Switch(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Vlan1, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Vlan1, changed state to up

Switch(config-if)#exit
Switch(config)#
Switch(config)#ip default-gateway 170.20.12.1
Switch(config)#end
Switch#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

Switch#copy run sta
Destination filename [startup-config]?
Building configuration...
[OK]

Switch#

Switch3:
Switch>enable
Switch#conf terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Switch(config)#
Switch(config)#interface fastethernet 0/0
%Invalid interface type and number
Switch(config)#interface VLAN1
Switch(config-if)#ip address 170.20.8.2 255.255.252.0
Switch(config-if)#no shutdown

Switch(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Vlan1, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Vlan1, changed state to up

Switch(config-if)#exit
Switch(config)#
Switch(config)#ip default-gateway 170.20.8.1
Switch(config)#end
Switch#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

Switch#copy run sta
Destination filename [startup-config]?
Building configuration...
[OK]

Switch#

Switch4:
Switch>enable
Switch#conf term
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Switch(config)#interface VLAN1
Switch(config-if)#ip address 170.20.0.2 255.255.248.0
Switch(config-if)#no shutdown

Switch(config-if)#
%LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface Vlan1, changed state to up

%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Vlan1, changed state to up

Switch(config-if)#exit
Switch(config)#ip default-gateway 170.20.0.1
Switch(config)#end
Switch#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

Switch#copy run sta
Destination filename [startup-config]?
Building configuration...
[OK]

Switch#


*Por ultimo , debemos configurar el enrutamiento para que las subredes se puedan comunicar:

Router1:
Router(config)#ip route 170.20.8.0 255.255.252.0 170.20.12.162
Router(config)#ip route 170.20.0.0 255.255.248.0 170.20.12.162
Router(config)#exit
Router#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

Router#copy run sta
Destination filename [startup-config]?
Building configuration...
[OK]

Router#

Router2:
Router(config)#ip route 170.20.12.128 255.255.255.224 170.20.12.161
Router(config)#ip route 170.20.12.0 255.255.252.0 170.20.12.161
Router(config)#exit
Router#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console

Router#copy run sta
Destination filename [startup-config]?
Building configuration...
[OK]

Router#
*Con estas configuraciones todas las subredes ya se pueden comunicar entre sí.